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Joseph J. Saseen, Pharm.D., FCCP, FNLA, BCPS, CLS
Reportable Conflicts of Interests: None
Disclosure of Financial Conflicts of Interest: None
Education:
Doctor of Pharmacy
State University of New York at Buffalo
School of Pharmacy
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy
State University of New York at Buffalo
School of Pharmacy
Magna Cum Laude
Post Graduate or Residency Training:
Ambulatory Care Research Fellowship
University of Illinois at Chicago
University of Colorado
Fellowship and Board Certifications:
Fellow of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Diplomat, The Accreditation Council for Clinical Lipidology
Board Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist with added qualifications in Cardiology
Current Position or Practice Site:
Associate Professor
University of Colorado Denver
School of Pharmacy and School of Medicine
Past Positions and/or Appointments:
Primary Care Clinical Pharmacy Specialist July 1996-March 1998
Kaiser Permanente Colorado
On-Call Pharmacist July 1996-December 1999
Kaiser Permanenter Rocky Mountain Division
Pharmacist July 1994-June 1995
University of Illinois at Chicago Hospital
Pharmacist May 1992-June 1994
The Health Care Plan HMO
West Seneca, NY
Assistant Professor July 1996-June 2003
University of Colorado Denver
Research Associate July 1995-June 1996
University of Colorado Denver
Clinical Associate July 1994-June 1995
University of Illinois at Chicago
Professional Memberships:
American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP)
Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Network
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists
Colorado Pharmacists Society
National Lipid Association
American Pharmacists Association
American Society of Hypertension
Society of Teachers in Family Medicine
Publications:
Nair KV, Park J, Wolfe P, Saseen JJ, Allen RR, Ganguly R. Consumer-driven health plans: Impact on utilization and expenditures for chronic disease sufferers. [accepted, J Occupational Environ Med].
Nair KV, Tang B, Vandenbos J, Zhang V, Saseen JJ, Naim A, Rahman M. Categorization of Infliximab Dose Changes and Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Commercially Insured and Medicare-Eligible Populations [in press, Current Research and Medical Opinion].
Nair KV, Ghushchyan V, Saseen JJ. Consumer Driven Health Plans: Their Impact on Medical Utilization, Pharmacy Utilization and Expenditures. Journal of Healthcare Finance 2008;35:1-12.
Vande Griend JP, Saseen JJ*. Evaluating the Evidence for Combination Antiplatelet Agents for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28(10): 1233-1242.
Marrs JC, Saseen JJ*. Dyslipidemia Control in Indigent Patients with Medication Assistance Compared to Insured Patients. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28(5):562–569.
Miller AE, Hansen LB, Saseen JJ*. Switching Statin Therapy Using a Pharmacists-Managed Therapeutic Conversion versus Usual Care Conversion Among Indigent Patients. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28(5):553–561.
Marrs JC, Saseen JJ. Debating the Clinical Benefits of Ranolazine and its Role in Therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28(4):85e-87e.
Linnebur SA, Capell WH, Saseen JJ, Wolfe P, Eckel RH. Plant sterols added to combination statin and colesevelam hydrochloride therapy failed to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. J Clin Lipidology 2007;1:626–633.
Saseen JJ*. Putting New Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs into Perspective. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(12):1609–1610.
Worriax JD, Yates JE, Flake D, Saseen JJ. Alcoholic liver disease: is acetaminophen safe? J Fam Pract. 2007 Aug;56(8):673-4.
Marrs JC, Saseen JJ. Which patients are candidates for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors? Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2007;64:1261.
Turner CJ, Ellis S, Giles J, Maffeo C, Hansen L, Saseen JJ, Ulrich H, Valdez C, Altiere R, Bainbridge J, Page R, Sintek C, Vondracek S, Zadvorny E, Fish D. A Strategy to Develop Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2007;71(3) Article 46:1-8.
Sontheimer D, Hitchcock K, Saseen J. Clinical Inquiries. Are there big differences among beta-blockers in treating essential hypertension? J Fam Pract 2007 Apr;56(4):312-4.
Pejic RN, Jamieson B, Saseen J. Which lipoprotein measurements are clinically useful? Am Fam Physician 2007;75(3):387-388.
Hansen LB, Saseen JJ, Teal SB. Levonorgestrel-Only Dosing Strategies for Emergency Contraception. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(2):278–284.
Saseen JJ, Grady SE, Hansen LB, et al. ACCP White Paper: Future Clinical Pharmacy Practitioners Should be Board Certified Specialists. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26(12):1816-1825.
Marrs JC, Saseen JJ*. Chronic Stable Angina: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy and/or Calcium Channel Blocker Therapy. When is it Indicated? J Pharm Technology 2006;22:271-280.
Hansen LB, Saseen JJ, Westfall JM, et al. Evaluation of Sample Medications in Primary Care: A Practice-Based Research Network Study. Joint Commission Journal on Quality & Patient Safety 2006;32:688-692.
Murphy JE, Saseen JJ, Nappi JM, Bosso JA. Comments on Draft Work Force [letter]. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2006;63:1592.
Noviasky J, Lo V, Luft DD, Saseen J. Clinical Inquiries. Which medications can be split without compromising efficacy and safety? J Fam Pract 2006;55(8):707-8.
Murphy JE, Nappi JM, Bosso JA, Saseen JJ, Hemstreet BA, Halloran MA, et al. American College of Clinical Pharmacy’s Vision of the Future: Postgraduate Pharmacy Residency Training as a Prerequisite for Direct Patient Care Practice. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26(5):722–733.
Lo V, Meadows S, Saseen J. Clinical Inquiries. When should COX-2 selective NSAIDs be used for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis? J Fam Pract 2006 Mar;55(3):260-2.
Nair KV, Saseen JJ. Quality Assessment of Dyslipidemia in Managed Care: Current Best Evidence Should be used to Benchmark Quality. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:124-7.
Saseen J*, Tweed E, Smith P. Clinical Inquiries. What are effective medication combinations for the treatment of hyperlipidemia? J Fam Pract. 2006 Jan;55(1):70-2.
Lochner J, Rugge B, Judkins D, Saseen J. Clinical Inquiries. How effective are lifestyle changes for controlling hypertension? J Fam Pract 2006 Jan;55(1):73-4.
Fisher M, Blackwell J, Saseen J. Clinical inquiries. What is the best way to identify patients with white-coat hypertension? J Fam Pract 2005; 54(6):549-50, 52.
Saseen JJ*, Williams SA, Valuck RJ, O’Donnell JC, McDonough K. The Performance Gap between Clinical Trials and Patient Treatment for Dyslipidemia: A Comprehensive Review. Dis Manage Health Outcomes 2005;13(4):255-265.
Saseen JJ.* ASHP therapeutic position statement on the daily use of aspirin for preventing cardiovascular events. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2005; 62(13):1398-405.
Joy MS, DeHart RM, Gilmartin C, Hachey DM, Hudson JQ, Pruchnicki M, Dumo P, Grabe DW, Saseen J, Zillich AJ. Clinical pharmacists as multidisciplinary health care providers in the management of CKD: a joint opinion by the Nephrology and Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Networks of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 45(6):1105-18.
Hull SK, Collins LJ, Saseen JJ. Clinical inquiries. How useful is high-sensitivity CRP as a risk factor for coronary artery disease? J Fam Pract 2005; 54(3):268, 71-2.
Saseen JJ*, Turner C, Russell RG. Clinical inquiries. What is the best regimen for newly diagnosed hypertension? J Fam Pract 2005; 54(3):281-2.
Saseen JJ*, Miller AE. Commentary - Aggressive statin therapy in disease management clinics reduces cardiovascular morbidity for people with coronary heart disease. Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Medicine 2005;9:77-78.
Bazaldua O, Ables AZ, Dickerson LM, Hansen L, Harris I, Hoehns J, Jackson E, Kraus C, Mayville H, Saseen JJ. Suggested guidelines for pharmacotherapy curricula in family medicine residency training: recommendations from the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine Group on Pharmacotherapy. Fam Med 2005; 37(2):99-104.
Zillich AJ, Saseen JJ, Dehart RM, Dumo P, Grabe DW, Gilmartin C, Hachey DM, Hudson JQ, Pruchnicki MC, Joy MS. Caring for patients with chronic kidney disease: a joint opinion of the ambulatory care and the nephrology practice and research networks of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25(1):123-43.
Sullivan PW, Valuck R, Saseen J, MacFall HM. A comparison of the direct costs and cost effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and associated adverse drug reactions. CNS Drugs 2004; 18(13):911-32.
Sferra L, Kelsberg G, Dodson S, Saseen J. Clinical inquiries. Do ACE inhibitors prevent nephropathy in type 2 diabetes without proteinuria? J Fam Pract 2004; 53(1):68-9.
Hansen LB, Saseen JJ. New contraceptive options: patient adherence and satisfaction. Am Fam Physician 2004; 69(4):811-2, 5-6.
Saseen JJ*. Epinephrine is efficacious for outpatient treatment of bronchiolitis. J Fam Pract 2004; 53(3):175-80.
Bestul MB, McCollum M, Hansen LB, Saseen JJ*. Impact of the women's health initiative trial results on hormone replacement therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2004; 24(4):495-9.
Buescher JS, Meadows S, Saseen J. Clinical inquiries. Does acetaminophen and NSAID combined relieve osteoarthritis pain better than either alone? J Fam Pract 2004; 53(6):501-3.
Daugird AJ, Crowell K, Saseen J. Clinical inquiries. Do statins cause myopathy? J Fam Pract 2003; 52(12):973-7.
Valuck RJ, Williams SA, MacArthur M, Saseen JJ, Nair KV, McCollum M, Endor JE. A retrospective cohort study of correlates of response to pharmacologic therapy for hyperlipidemia in members of a managed care organization. Clin Ther 2003; 25(11):2936-57.
Ball TA, Kerns JW, Nashelsky J, Saseen J. Clinical inquiries. Do antiarrhythmics prevent sudden death in patients with heart failure? J Fam Pract 2003; 52(9):719-21.
Saseen JJ*. Is rate control better than rhythm control for atrial fibrillation in older high-risk patients? J Fam Pract 2003; 52(3):192, 4.
Saseen JJ*. Does acetaminophen affect liver function in alcoholic patients? J Fam Pract 2003; 52(3):187-8.
Saseen JJ*, MacLaughlin EJ, Westfall JM. Treatment of uncomplicated hypertension: are ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers as effective as diuretics and beta-blockers? J Am Board Fam Pract 2003; 16(2):156-64.
Saseen JJ*, Hansen LB. What pharmacists need to know about the women's health initiative estrogen plus progestin trial. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2003; 60(3):281-4.
Kill J, Saseen JJ*. Does use of oxytocin and dinoprostone inserts shorten labor more than use of oxytocin after removal of dinoprostone? J Fam Pract 2002; 51(5):479.
Linnebur SA, Saseen JJ, Pace WD. Venlafaxine-associated vaginal bleeding. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22(5):652-5.
Saseen JJ*. Which is most effective of osteoarthritis of the knee: rofecoxib, celecoxib, or acetaminophen? J Fam Pract 2002; 51(4):307.
MacLaughlin EJ, Saseen JJ*, Malone DC. Costs of beta-lactam allergies: selection and costs of antibiotics for patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy. Arch Fam Med 2000; 9(8):722-6.
Patel RJ, Witt DM, Saseen JJ, Tillman DJ, Wilkinson DS. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oral phytonadione for excessive anticoagulation. Pharmacotherapy 2000; 20(10):1159-66.
Mehos BM, Saseen JJ*, MacLaughlin EJ. Effect of pharmacist intervention and initiation of home blood pressure monitoring in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Pharmacotherapy 2000; 20(11):1384-9.
MacLaughlin EJ, Saseen J. Currentness of foreign drug list [reply]. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000;57(14):1362-1363.
MacLaughlin EJ, Saseen J*. Importance of identifying foreign drugs. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56(22):2349-50.
Saseen J*, MacLaughlin EJ. Appetite stimulants and anabolic steroid therapy for AIDS wasting. AIDS Read 1999; 9(6):398, 401-2, 7.
Saseen JJ. Update on the management of essential hypertension. Drug Topics Supplement, October 1998:5s-11s.
Glover JJ, Saseen JJ. Managed Care Forum: Reducing expenditures for statins. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1998;55(10):995-999.
Saseen JJ, Porter JA, Barnette DJ, Bauman JL, Zajac EJ, Jr., Carter BL. Postabsorption concentration peaks with brand-name and generic verapamil: a double-blind, crossover study in elderly hypertensive patients. J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 37(6):526-34.
Saseen JJ. Low-dose combination antihypertensive therapy. Current Issues in Hypertension, Post Graduate Institute of Medicine 1997;1(3):1-5.
Saseen JJ, Carter BL, Brown TE, Elliott WJ, Black HR. Comparison of nifedipine alone and with diltiazem or verapamil in hypertension. Hypertension 1996; 28(1):109-14.
Saseen JJ*, Carter BL. Dual calcium-channel blocker therapy in the treatment of hypertension. Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30(7-8):802-10.
Books and/or Chapters:
Saseen JJ. Chapter 3 - Hypertension. In: Crouch M, editor. Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy: A Point-of-care Guide. Bethesda, MD; American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Inc. (submitted, anticipated publication January 2010).
Saseen JJ, Spinler SA. Chapter 6 - Landmark Clinical Trials and Other Relevant Publications. In: Wiggins BS, Saseen JJ, Spinler SA, editors. Pharmacists Guide To Lipid Management. Lenexa, KS; ACCP Publications; 2008.
Saseen JJ. Chapter 13 - Essential Hypertension. In: Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY, editors. Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical Use of Drugs. 9th ed. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
McKenney JM, Ganz P, Wiggins BS, Saseen JJ. Chapter 22 - Statins. In: Balantyne C, editor. Clinical Lipidiology: A Companion to Braunwald. 1st edition; 2008.
Saseen JJ, MacLaughlin EJ. Chapter 15 - Hypertension. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, editors. Pharmacotherapy, A Pathophysiologic Approach. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008.
Saseen JJ. Hypertension: Evidence-Based Updates and Clinical Controversies. In: Dunsworth TS, Richardson MM, editors. Pharmacotherapy Self-Assessment Program 6th ed., Module 1 Cardiovascular. Kansas City: American College of Clinical Pharmacy; January 2007.
Saseen JJ, Carter BL. Chapter 12 - Hypertension. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, editors. Pharmacotherapy, A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.
Saseen JJ. Chapter 25 - Hypertension. In: Tisdale JE, Miller DA, editors, Drug-Induced Diseases: Prevention, Detection, and Management. Bethesda, MD; American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Inc.; 2005.
Saseen JJ Carter BL. Chapter 14 - Essential Hypertension. In: Koda-Kimble, MA, Young LY, editors. Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical Use of Drugs. 8th ed. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.
Carter BL, Saseen JJ. Chapter 10 - Hypertension. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, editors. Pharmacotherapy, A Pathophysiologic Approach. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
Saseen JJ Carter BL. Chapter 12 - Essential Hypertension. In: Koda-Kimble, MA, Young LY, editors. Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical Use of Drugs. 7th ed. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
Carter BL, Saseen JJ. Management of Essential Hypertension. In: Carter BL, Raebel M, editors. Pharmacotherapy Self-Assessment Program, Module 1 Cardiovascular. 3rd ed. Kansas City: American College of Clinical Pharmacy; 1998. p 1-33.
Presentations (National, State and Local):
International
“The Future of Drug Therapy and Effects on Patient Care” World Congress of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2006 – 66th Annual Conference of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP); Salvador Bahia, Brazil: August 28, 2006.
“Incorporating Evidence Based Medicine into Clinical Pharmacy Practice and Education” Four seminars sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor; Presented in Toyama, Tokyo, Omiya, and Chiba City in Japan: March 3, 6, 8 and 13, 2006.
“Educating Clinical Pharmacists to Improve Public Health by Reducing Cardiovascular Disease” Four plenary sessions sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Welfare and Labor; Presented in Toyama, Tokyo, Omiya, and Chiba City in Japan: March 4, 9 and 14, 2006.
“Comparing the Evidence with Consensus Guidelines for Dyslipidemia” The 2nd American College of Clinical Pharmacy-European Society of Clinical Pharmacy International Congress on Clinical Pharmacy; Paris, France: April 28, 2004.
National
“Management of Cardiometabolic Risk: Evidence-Based Treatment Strategies” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Orlando, FL: December 8-10, 2008.
“Applying Hypertension Guidelines to Improve Patient Care” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Orlando, FL: December 9, 2008.
“Clinical Pearls: Thiazide Diuretics Cause Diabetes, Fact or Fiction?” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Orlando, FL: December 9, 2008.
“Management of Hypertension in Pregnancy” American College of Clinical Pharmacy Annual Meeting; Louisville, KY: October 20, 2008.
“Evidence-Based Update in Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy” Topics of Importance for Today's Health Care Practitioner: University Learning Systems. Niagara Falls, NY: September 12, 2008.
“While You Were Sleeping: Landmark Trials of Past 12 Months” American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Great eXpectations Conference for New Practitioners; New York, NY: August 23 and 24, 2008.
“Surviving Certification Examinations: How to Rock the Mock Exam” American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Great eXpectations Conference for New Practitioners; New York, NY: August 23 and 24, 2008.
“Prevention in Elderly Patients” Southwest Lipid Association, Annual Scientific Forum; Denver, CO: July 19, 2008.
“Therapeutic Considerations in Special Populations with Case Study Presentations” Southwest Lipid Association, Annual Scientific Forum and Lipid Management Training Course; Denver, CO: July 18, 2008.
“Pharmacologic Therapies & Treatment Guidelines” Southwest Lipid Association, Annual Scientific Forum and Lipid Management Training Course; Denver, CO: July 17, 2008.
“Therapeutic Considerations in Special Populations with Case Study Presentations” National Lipid Association, 2008 Scientific Sessions and Lipid Management Training Course; Seattle, WA: May 29, 2008.
“Rationale for Dual CCB Regiments” American Society of Hypertension, 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting; New Orleans, LA: May 16, 2008.
“Rheumatoid Arthritis: DMARDs, Biologic Agents & Pain Management” Oregon Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists 2008 Annual Seminar; Sunriver, OR: April 27, 2008.
“LDL-C and CV Risk: What We Know and Don’t Know” Continuing Medical Education Certified Broadcast/Webcast; Taped LIVE via. Satellite Broadcast on April 22, 2008 [http://vhatv.vha.com/vhatvonline/2008/08-0422/index.html]
“Slowing Progression of CKD and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction” University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy; Albuquerque, NM: April 19, 2008.
“Hypertension Update: New Guidelines and New Agents” New Mexico Pharmacists Association; Albuquerque, NM: March 31, 2008.
“What’s New in Cardiovascular Care” American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting & Exposition; San Diego, CA: March 16, 2008.
“Self-Care and Nonprescription Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease” American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting & Exposition; San Diego, CA: March 15, 2008.
“Hypertension: How Low Should You Go?” 2008 Iowa Pharmacists Association Educational Expo; Des Moines, IA: January 26, 2008.
“Beyond Statins: Persistent Myths and Current Controversies in Managing Dyslipidemia” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Las Vegas, NV: December 3-6, 2007. [http://esymposia.ashp.org/cemdyslipidemia/]
“Hypertension Debate: Should β-Blockers Continue to Be Used First Line in Hypertension?” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting – Cardiology PRN Symposium; Denver, CO: October 13, 2007.
“Challenging Patients and Special Populations” Midwest Lipid Association Scientific Forum. National Lipid Association’s Masters in Lipidology Advanced Training and Board Review Course; Minneapolis, MN: Sept 28, 2007.
“Therapeutic Considerations in Special Populations with Case Study Presentations: Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, Elderly, Pediatric, Obese” National Lipid Association, Lipid Management Training Course; Minneapolis, MN: Sept 28, 2007.
“Challenging Patients and Special Populations” Southeast Lipid Association Scientific Forum. National Lipid Association’s Masters in Lipidology Advanced Training and Board Review Course; Savannah, GA: Aug 3, 2007.
“What’s New in Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy: Hypertension” McKesson Pharmacy Strategies Conference; Boston, MA: July 8, 2007.
“Weighing the Risks and Benefits of Dyslipidemia Pharmacotherapy in Elderly Patients” National Lipid Association/Southwest Lipid Association 2007 Annual Scientific Sessions; Scottsdale, AZ: June 2, 2007.
“Therapeutic Considerations in Special Populations with Case Study Presentations: Elderly & Pediatric” National Lipid Association, Lipid Management Training Course; Scottsdale, AZ: May 31, 2007.
“Challenging Patients and Special Populations” National Lipid Association, Masters in Lipidology Advanced Training and Board Review Course; Scottsdale, AZ: May 31, 2007.
“Update in Cardiology 2007” American Society of Consultant Pharmacists; Hollywood, FL: May 21, 2007.
“Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: An Interactive Case” Wyoming Pharmacy Association; Cheyenne, WY: April 26, 2007.
“Improving Stroke Outcomes Across the Continuum of Care: Pharmacotherapy for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Stroke” American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting & Exposition; Atlanta, GA: March 19, 2007.
“What’s New in Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy: Prehypertension, Hypertension and Beyond” American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting & Exposition; Atlanta, GA: March 17, 2007.
“Hypertension Pharmacotherapy Update: What’s new and is it Relevant?” Wyoming Pharmacy Association Winter CE meeting; Laramie, WY: January 26, 2007.
“Pro/Con Debate -Treating Dyslipidemia in Older Adults: Early and Aggressive Treatment is Needed” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Anaheim, CA: December 7, 2006.
“Evidence-based Strategies for the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Case Study Approach. Understanding Statin Myopathy and Avoiding Clinical Inertia.” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Anaheim, CA: December 4-7, 2006.
“Choosing Cholesterol Lowering Therapy: What’s the Evidence on Efficacy and Safety?” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Anaheim, CA: December 4, 2006.
“Type 2 Diabetes: The Discord Between Standards of Care and Clinical Practice” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting; St. Louis, MO: October 26, 2006.
“Town Hall Meeting. ACCP White Paper: Future Clinical Pharmacy Practitioners Should be Board Certified Specialists” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting; St. Louis, MO: October 26, 2006.
“Meet the Experts: How to Get Students Involved in Professional Organizations” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting; St. Louis, MO: October 28, 2006.
“Cardiovascular Drug Interactions in Chronic Kidney Disease... What the Package Insert Doesn’t Tell You” National Kidney Foundation of Southern California, 46th Annual Scientific Symposium on Kidney Disease; Los Angeles, CA: September 30, 2006.
“Critically Evaluating Evidence Addressing Current Controversies - Aggressive Lipid Lowering and Intensive Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Summer Meeting and Exhibition; Orlando, FL: June 26, 2006.
“Hypertension - Should Recent Evidence Evaluating Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy Change Practice?” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Summer Meeting and Exhibition; Orlando, FL: June 26, 2006.
“New Primary Care Drugs in 2006” U.S. Medical Congress Conference & Exhibition - Issues in Medicine; Las Vegas, NV: June 12, 2006.
“What You Need to Know Before Writing Prescriptions” U.S. Medical Congress Conference & Exhibition - Issues in Medicine; Las Vegas, NV: June 12, 2006.
“Preventive Cardiology Pharmacotherapy Update” 2006 U.S. Public Health Service Professional Conference; Denver, CO: May 2, 2006.
“Evidence-Based Medicine Update in Cardiology: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and Aspirin Therapy” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Las Vegas, NV: December 7, 2005.
“Case Studies in Dyslipidemia: Implementing Evidence-Based Strategies to Manage Patients” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Las Vegas, NV: December 5-8, 2005.
“The Continuing Evolution of Dyslipidemia Management: New Strategies, Goals, and Challenges. Case Studies in Managing Patients with Dyslipidemia” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting; San Francisco, CA: October 24, 2005.
“Cardiovascular Dilemmas in Long-Term Care: Hypertension and Dyslipidemia” National Association of Directors of Nursing in Long Term Care 2005 Conference; New Orleans, LA: June 27, 2005.
“Hypertension and Lipid Management Strategies in CKD Patients: Interpretation of New K/DOQI Guidelines” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Spring Practice and Research Forum; Myrtle Beach, SC: April 13, 2005.
“Cardiovascular Risks in Elderly Women: Review of the AHA Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Orlando, FL: December 9, 2004.
“Clinical Pearl: Toss a Coin, ACE inhibitor or ARB in Type 2 Diabetes” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Orlando, FL: December 7, 2004.
“Optimizing Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Management of Dyslipidemia: Role of Inflammation in Risk Assessment in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Orlando, FL: December 6, 2004.
“Update in Cardiology” Senior Care Pharmacy, the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists 35th Annual Meeting and Exhibition; San Francisco, CA: November 5, 2004.
“Geriatric Focus Session Debate--Pro: Hypertension Should be Aggressively Treated in Elderly Patients” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting; Dallas, TX: October 26, 2004.
“Meet the Experts: How to Write Good Multiple Choice Exam Questions” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting; Dallas, TX; October 26, 2004.
“Aspirin Therapy for Primary Prevention” American Pharmacists Association 3rd Annual Self-Care Institute; Chicago, IL: June 26, 2004.
“Implications of the JNC 7 on Hypertension Management” American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting & Exposition; Seattle, WA: March 27, 2004.
“Exciting Career Paths in Health-System Pharmacy” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; New Orleans, LA: December 7, 2003.
“The ACCP Task Force on Residencies: A Task Force Update” American College of Clinical Pharmacy Annual Meeting, Town Hall Meeting; Atlanta, GA: November 2, 2003.
“Beyond JNC VI: New Directions in Hypertension Management” American Pharmaceutical Association 2003 Annual Meeting & Exposition; New Orleans, LA: March 29, 2003.
“Landmark Trials in Cardiovascular Disease: Reshaping Management of Hyperlipidemia and Heart Failure” American Pharmaceutical Association Annual Meeting & Exposition; New Orleans, LA: March 29, 2003.
“Controversies in Drug Therapy Targeting Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis: What the Literature Tells Us” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting 2002; Atlanta, GA: December 12, 2002.
“Heart Failure and Atherosclerosis: Case Discussion” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Atlanta, GA: December 12, 2002.
“Managing the Drug Therapy of Patients with Hypertension: Practical Therapeutics” The Tom D. Rowe 51st Annual Pharmacy Lectures and Homecoming Activities; The University of Michigan College of Pharmacy: October 25, 2002.
“The Pharmacists’ Role in Erectile Dysfunction” American Managed Care Pharmacy Annual Convention; Washington, DC: October 11, 2002.
“Pharmacotherapy Update 2002: Cardiovascular Module” Pharmacy Practice 2002 Update C.E. program, Midwestern University, Chicago College of Pharmacy; Downers Groove, IL: May 21, 2002.
“Living with Hypertension: Managing your Patients Cardiovascular Risk” American Pharmaceutical Association Annual Meeting; Philadelphia, PA: March 17, 2002.
“How Clinical Practice is Influenced by Outcomes Data” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; New Orleans, LA: December 5, 2001.
“An Evidence-based Approach to Hypertension. How Low Should You Go?” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Annual Meeting; Tampa Bay, FL; October 23, 2001.
“Clinical Issues and Challenges of Managing Dyslipidemia” American Managed Care Pharmacy Annual Convention; Dallas, TX: October 17, 2001.
“Preparing for Promotion: Success on the Clinical/Teaching Track” Visiting Professor Healthnet Presentation; Texas Tech Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy; Amarillo, TX: September 24-27, 2001.
“Hypertension Treatment Update: Drug Therapy, Therapeutic Guidelines and Outcomes Data” New Drug Therapy Update CE program, Midwestern University, Chicago College of Pharmacy; Downers Groove, IL: September 8, 2001.
“Cox-2 Inhibitors: Are they any better than traditional NSAIDs?” South Carolina Federal Pharmacists Association; Charleston, SC: August 13, 2001.
“Comprehensive Pharmaceutical Care of Type 2 Diabetes: Strategies to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Annual Meeting; Los Angeles, CA: June 4, 2001.
“Heart Failure: A Case-Based Approach” The American Society of Consultant Pharmacists Midyear Conference & Exhibition. Washington, DC: May 4, 2001.
“Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis: Drug Therapy & Management Strategies” Keeping Current in your Health Care Practice CE Series: Marco Island, FL: April 27, 2001.
“Initiatives in Patient Care: Osteoarthritis” Kroger National Pharmacy Meeting, Olive Branch, MS: March 29, 2001.
“Using a Statin in Combination with a Fibric Acid Derivative for Dyslipidemia” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Las Vegas, NV: December 5, 2000.
“Adult and Geriatric Pharmacology: Management of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis” 25th National Nurse Practitioner Symposium; Keystone, CO: July 13, 2000.
“Pharmacologic Management of Arthritis in the Adult and Older Adult” 25th National Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Symposium; Keystone, CO: July 14, 2000.
“Overview of Obesity Management” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Annual Meeting 2000; Philadelphia, PA: June 5, 2000.
“Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Other Cardiovascular Disorders” America’s Senior Care Pharmacists Midyear Conference; Las Vegas, NV: April 28, 2000.
“Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Drug Therapy and Management Strategies” Contemporary Issues in Health Care-Series II: Las Vegas, NV: February 24, 2000.
“Advances in Arthritis Medications” The Medicine Shoppe Annual Regional Meeting: Los Angeles, CA, October 16, 1999; San Francisco, CA, October 17, 1999; Seattle, WA, November 7, 1999.
“Review of Cox-2 Inhibitors” Oklahoma Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists; Tulsa, OK: October 21, 1999.
“Update on the Management of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis” South Dakota Pharmacy Association Annual Fall Meeting; Sioux Falls, SD: September 12, 1999.
“Update on Arthritis: Comprehensive Review of Drug Therapy” and “Update on Arthritis: Clinical evaluation and recommended treatment guidelines” University of Southern California; Annual Postgraduate Refresher Course: Maui, HI: August 9 and 10, 1999.
“Adult and Geriatric Pharmacology: Management of Arthritis” 24th National Primary Care Nurse Practitioner Symposium; Keystone, CO: July 8, 1999.
“Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Drug Treatment Strategies” Idaho Pharmacy Association, Annual Meeting; McCall, ID: June 12, 1999.
“Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Drug Treatment Strategies” Wyoming Pharmacists Association, Annual Meeting; Casper, WY: June 11, 1999.
“Review of Cox-2 Inhibitor Therapy” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Annual Meeting; Reno, NV: June 7, 1999.
“Establishing a Hypertension Clinic: What pharmacists need to know to manage hypertension’ Making a Difference, Trends in Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy Resources; Orlando, FL: May 21, 1999.
“Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Drug Treatment Strategies” University of the Pacific, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Stockton, CA: May 15, 1999.
“Cox-2 Technology” Nevada Pharmacy Alliance; Las Vegas, NV: March 30, 1999.
“Adult and Geriatric Pharmacology: Management of Hypertension with Co-Morbid Disease” 23rd National Nurse Practitioner Symposium; Keystone, CO: July 9, 1998.
“Management of Hypertension: Update on the JNC VI Treatment Guidelines” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Annual Meeting; Baltimore, MD: June 3, 1998.
“Update on the management of hypertension” American College of Clinical Pharmacy, New York State Chapter Spring Meeting; Syracuse, NY: May 8, 1998.
“Optimizing the use of Lovastatin for Hyperlipidemia” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; Atlanta, GA: December 8, 1997.
“Innovations in the Treatment of Hypertension and Angina” National Community Pharmacists Association, 99th Annual Convention; Denver, CO: October 27, 1997.
“Considerations for Converting Antihypertensive Drugs” American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists, Midyear Clinical Meeting; New Orleans, LA: December 10, 1996.
State & Local Level
“Cardiometabolic Pharmacotherapy Pearls and Updates” University of Colorado Denver – Mercy Hospital Department of Medicine; Durango, CO: September 10, 2008.
“Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Pharmacotherapy: A Focused Update for Community Pharmacists” RxPlus Annual Meeting; Westminster, CO: May 2, 2008.
“New Developments in Cholesterol Treatment” Colorado Pharmacists Society Annual Summer Meeting; Copper Mountain, CO: June 13, 2008.
“Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy Update” University of Colorado Denver - Montrose Memorial Hospital Department of Medicine; Montrose, CO: June 10, 2008.
“New Generation Beta-Blockers in Hypertension” Colorado Pharmacists Society Long Term Care Pharmacists; Greenwood Village, CO: April 2, 2008.
“Treatment of Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia” Colorado Pharmacists Society Annual Winter CE Seminar; Steamboat, CO: January 20, 2008.
“Implications of the New American Heart Association Hypertension Guidelines on Pharmacotherapy” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Annual Convention; Aurora, CO: October 6, 2007.
“Evidence-Based Strategies for Dyslipidemia: A Case Study Approach” Colorado Pharmacists Society Annual Winter CE Seminar; Snowmass, CO: January 9, 2007.
“Cardiometabolic Pharmacotherapy Update” University of Colorado School of Medicine – Rural Medicine Clinical Grand Rounds; Denver, CO: December 19, 2006.
“New Developments in Cholesterol Control: Pharmacotherapy Innovations” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Annual Convention; Aurora, CO: October 12, 2006.
“Cardiometabolic Pharmacotherapy Update” University of Colorado Department of Family Medicine Clinical Teachers Conference; Vail, CO: September 9, 2006.
“Update on the Pharmacotherapy of Osteoarthritis” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Annual Summer Meeting; Copper Mountain, CO: June 9, 2006.
“Cardiovascular Disease Evidence-Based Update: New Information to Combat America’s #1 Killer” University of Colorado and Colorado Pharmacists Society Advances in Pharmacy Practice; Denver, CO: February 25, 2006.
“Evidence-Based Hypertension Pharmacotherapy Update” Colorado Pharmacists Society Annual Winter CE Seminar; Snowmass, CO: January 9, 2006.
“Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in the Management of Hypertension” Colorado Pharmacists Society; Denver, CO: September 21, 2005.
“Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview of Pharmacotherapy and Biologic Agents” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Annual Summer Meeting; Estes Park, CO: June 10, 2005.
“Update on Lipids and NCEP Guidelines” University of Colorado and Colorado Pharmacists Society Advances in Pharmacy Practice; Denver, CO: February 26, 2005.
“Metabolic Syndrome Case Discussion: Medication Therapy Management” Colorado Pharmacists Society Annual Winter CE Seminar; Snowmass, CO: January 10, 2005.
“The Many Faces of Metabolic Syndrome: Reducing Cardiovascular Risk” Colorado Pharmacists Society Annual Winter CE Seminar; Snowmass, CO: January 10, 2005.
“New Drugs and Guidelines for Managing Arthritis” 50th Annual Family Practice Review, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Denver, CO: November 4, 2004.
“Pharmacotherapy Update on Hypertension” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Annual Convention; Denver, CO: October 22, 2004.
“Pharmacotherapy Update on Lipids and the NCEP Guidelines” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Fourth Annual Convention; Denver, CO: October 22, 2004.
“Pharmacotherapy Update: Lipids” Colorado Academy of Family Physicians Annual Scientific Conference; Copper Mountain, CO: July 22, 2004.
“Pharmacotherapy Update: Hypertension” Colorado Academy of Family Physicians Annual Scientific Conference; Copper Mountain, CO: July 22, 2004.
“New Drugs and Guidelines for Managing Arthritis” 50th Annual Family Practice Review, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Estes Park, CO: June 21, 2004.
“What’s Old, What’s New and What’s Next? An Evidence-Based Review of Statin Pharmacotherapy” The Colorado Pharmacists Society; Englewood, CO April 22, 2004.
“Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Ambulatory Care” University of Colorado and Colorado Pharmacists Society Advances in Pharmacy Practice; Denver, CO: February 21, 2004.
“Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pharmacotherapy and New Biologic Agents” Colorado Pharmacists Society Annual Winter CE Seminar; Breckenridge, CO: January 13, 2004.
“Hypertension: An Update” Department of Family Medicine, Health One Rose Medical Center; Denver, CO: October 24, 2003.
“JNC 7 and Beyond: Is the ALLHAT all that” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Annual Convention; Denver, CO: October 2, 2003.
“Update on JNC 7 Recommendations for Geriatric Patients” University of Colorado Division of Geriatrics Grand Rounds,; Denver VAMC; Denver, CO: September 18, 2003.
“Dyslipidemia: New Information on Drug Therapy and Outcomes” Colorado Academy of Family Physicians Annual Scientific Meeting; Keystone, CO: July 24, 2003.
“Clinical Pearls: New Primary Care Drugs in 2002” Colorado Academy of Family Physicians Annual Scientific Meeting; Breckenridge, CO: September 19, 2002.
“Update on new Evidence with Statin Therapy” Roundtable discussion, University of Colorado Pharmacy Faculty; Denver, CO: August 5, 2002.
“Update on the Management of Dyslipidemia: New Guidelines, Drugs, and Information” University of Colorado and Colorado Pharmacists Society Advances in Pharmacy Practice 2002; Denver, CO: February 23, 2002.
“What is New in the NCEP Guidelines” Roundtable discussion, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Clinical Pharmacy Faculty; Denver, CO: October 2, 2001.
“Evaluation of Arthritic Conditions” Colorado Pharmacists Society, Annual Convention; Denver, CO: August 24, 2001.
“Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes” University of Colorado Department of Family Medicine; Denver, CO: August 1, 2001.
“Living with Arthritic Pain” Colorado Prescription Drug Abuse Task Force, Semi-Annual Meeting; Denver, CO: March 22, 2001.
“Cox-2 Inhibitor Outcome Studies” Roundtable discussion, University of Colorado Clinical Pharmacy Faculty; Denver, CO: March 5, 2001.
“Infectious Disease Update: Influenza 2001 and Acute Sinusitis” University of Colorado Department of Family Medicine; Denver, CO: February 7, 2001.
“Patient Evaluation of Arthritic Conditions” Colorado Society of Health-Systems Pharmacist, 2000 Meeting; Denver, CO: November 1 and 2, 2000.
“Update on the Treatment and Prevention of Influenza in 2000” Medicine Grand Rounds, Colorado Directors of Nursing Home Association; Denver, CO: September 12, 2000.
“Update on the Management of Osteoarthritis” University of Colorado Department of Family Medicine; Denver, CO: August 9, 2000.
“Performance Enhancing Chemicals” University of Colorado Departments of Orthopedics and Family Medicine, Sports Medicine; Breckenridge, CO: July 29, 2000.
“Pharmacology for the Athlete” University of Colorado Departments of Orthopedics and Family Medicine, Sports Medicine; Breckenridge, CO: July 29, 2000.
“Treatment and Work-up of Venous Thromboembolism” Colorado Academy of Family Physicians Annual Scientific Meeting; Steamboat Springs, CO: July 20, 2000.
“Update on the Management of Obesity” Medicine Grand Rounds, Medical Center of Aurora-South Campus; Aurora, CO: February 21, 2000.
“What Pharmacists Need to Know to Manage Dyslipidemia” Colorado Pharmacists Association, Annual Winter CE Seminar; Breckenridge, CO: January 18, 2000.
“New Advances in the Treatment of Influenza” Southern Colorado Nurse Practitioner Association; Pueblo, CO: January 18, 2000.
“New Advances in the Treatment of Influenza” Internal Medicine Grand Rounds, Rose Medical Center; Denver, CO: January 11, 2000.
“Update on Drug Therapy” University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Clinical Update/Continuing Education Series, December 1, 1999.
“Update on New Medications in Primary Care 1999” Grand Rounds, University of Colorado Department of Family Medicine; Denver, CO: November 3, 1999.
“Update on Analgesic Therapy for Arthritis” Southern Colorado Society of Health-Systems Pharmacist; Canyon City, CO: October 28, 1999.
“Update on Analgesic Therapy for Arthritis” Colorado Society of Health-Systems Pharmacist, Annual Meeting; Denver, CO: October 15, 1999.
“Wonder Drugs 99” Colorado Academy of Family Physicians Annual Scientific Meeting; Estes Park, CO: October 8, 1999.
“Review of Analgesic Therapy in Sports Medicine” University of Colorado Departments of Orthopedics and Family Medicine, Sports Medicine; Aspen, CO: August 4, 1999.
“What Pharmacists Need to Know to Successfully Manage Hyperlipidemia” Colorado Pharmacists Association, Annual Convention; Denver, CO: June 19, 1999.
“New Advances in Arthritis Pharmacotherapy” Colorado Pharmacists Association, Annual Convention; Denver, CO: June 18, 1999.
“New Therapies for the Management of Arthritis” Grand Rounds, University of Colorado Department of Family Medicine; Denver, CO: April 7, 1999.
“New Advances in Arthritis Pharmacotherapy” Colorado Society of Health-System Pharmacists; Denver, CO: March 25, 1999.
“Review of Hyperlipidemia Therapy” Grand Rounds, University of Colorado Department of Family Medicine; Denver, CO: January 20, 1999.
“Panel Debate on Statins; Is Lower Better?” Colorado Society of Health-System Pharmacists; Denver, CO: January 7, 1999.
“Update on Hyperlipidemia” Rx-Plus Annual Meeting; Denver, CO: October 10, 1998.
“New Medications in Primary Care” Colorado Academy of Family Physicians Annual Scientific Meeting; Denver Technical Center, CO: October 2, 1998.
“Pharmacotherapy of Hyperlipidemia” Colorado Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists Annual Golf Tournament; Castle Pines, CO: September 21, 1998.
“Update on the Management of Hypertension” Kaiser Permanente Continuing Education Series for Pharmacists; Aurora, CO: February 18, 25 and 27, 1998.
“Update on the Pharmacotherapy of Arthritis” Colorado Pharmacists Association Annual CE & Ski Seminar; Breckenridge, CO; January 19,1998.
“Keeping up with New Trends in Drug Therapy” University of Colorado School of Dentistry, Clinical Update/Continuing Education Series, November 5, 1997.
“Old Drugs: New Uses” Denver Pharmacists Association; Denver, CO: September 10, 1997.
“Old Drugs: New Uses” Colorado Pharmacists Association Academy of Consultant Pharmacists; Greenwood Village CO: August 6, 1997.
“Controlling Hypertension by the Year 2000" Colorado Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting; Breckenridge, CO: June 13, 1997.
“Post-Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy” Kaiser Permanente Rocky Mountain Division Obstetrician/Gynecology CE Series; Denver, CO: May 21, 1997.
“Old Drugs: New Uses” Contemporary Issues in Pharmaceutical Care Conference; Denver CO: May 2, 1997.
“The Doctor of Pharmacy Degree” University of Colorado, School of Nursing; Nursing Doctorate Candidates: Denver, CO: April 16, 1997.
“Blood Pressure Monitoring and Certification” - CE Workshop for Pharmacists; University of Colorado Winter Conference 97; Steamboat Springs, CO: February 24 and 25 1997.
“Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Disease: Implications on Drug therapy” University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago, IL: March 28, 1995.
“Issues and Controversies Surrounding the use of Calcium Channel Blockers” University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago, IL: October 5, 1994.
(Last updated: 2/9/2009)
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